Relational goals newly added to the teachers’ goal orientation framework have been identified as one of the central features of effective teaching. However, little research has taken such goals into account, specifically in higher education contexts. Concerning the association between self-efficacy and goal orientations, this study was undertaken to investigate the predictive power of instructors’ relational goals over teaching-related OUTCOMES with teaching self-efficacy as a mediator. Three hundred thirty-eight Iranian EFL university instructors participated in the study. Their relational goals and teaching-related cognitive, affective, and behavioral OUTCOMES were assessed through four scales (Instructors’ Achievement Goals for Teaching, Attitudes towards Help-Seeking, Positive Affect, and SEEQ (Students’ Evaluations of Educational Quality) Self-Reported Teaching Quality). Through a Structural Equation Modeling method, the proposed model was tested. The results confirmed the mediating effect of teaching self-efficacy on the relationship between instructors’ relational goals and their teaching-related OUTCOMES. Relational goal-oriented instructors with teaching self-efficacy viewed help-seeking (cognitive OUTCOMES) as a beneficial performance rather than a threat. Regarding their positive affect (affective OUTCOMES), the results indicated instructors’ great enthusiasm for more effective teaching. Considering instructors’ self-reported teaching quality (behavioral OUTCOMES), their engagement and commitment in teaching were shown. In conclusion, the results emphasized the importance of instructors’ relational goals in establishing high-quality learning and teaching environments.

Background: Women 35-39 years old have a 2–3 fold higher risk of pregnancy-related death than women in their twenties, and the risk is even more dramatic for women 40 years and older.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of maternal age with risk of adverse pregnancy and mother OUTCOMES in our setting, Tehran, Iran.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational hospital-based study, 538 nulliparous women were assessed. The association between maternal age and various pregnancy and neonatal OUTCOMES were reported. Data were extracted from the database of Akbar Abadi hospital in Tehran from 2001-2006 records. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were preformed to investigate the association between maternal age and various relevant OUTCOMES. Results: Women aged 35 years or older had an increased percentages of gestational hypertension (18.8% vs 9.6%; p=0.02) and diabetes in pregnancy (3.7% vs 1.4%; p=0.08) compared with women younger than 35 years. There were no differences between the two age groups in Apgar score at 1 min, antepartum hemorrhage, preterm labor, PROM, fetal distress, perinatal death, and postpartum hemorrhage. Conclusion: Advanced maternal age was shown to be independently associated with low birth weight, preterm labor and rate of cesarean delivery.

Background: Hypothyroidism is common during pregnancy. This disorder is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal OUTCOMES. Objectives: The study of the prevalence and different consequences of hypothyroidism in pregnancy in each region is the special importance in determining prevention and management strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism and pregnancy OUTCOMES in women referred to Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan. Methods: This cross-sectional-analytical study was performed on all pregnant women who gave birth in Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan in 2018-2019. Data were collected through census and using Chisquare, Fisher's exact and independent t-tests and with SPSS software version 22, pregnancy OUTCOMES between the two groups were calculated. Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women in the present study was estimated at 8. 59%. Hypothyroidism was found to double the chance of gestational diabetes (p<0. 02) (CI=1. 1-3. 8). The rate of cesarean delivery was significantly higher in patients (p<0. 001). The rate of fetal heart rate drop, placental abruption, and placental adhesion was higher in the affected group, but this difference was not significant (p>0. 05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of preeclampsia, preterm delivery, first minute Apgar score, height, weight and head circumference of the newborn (p>0. 05). Conclusion: Considering the adverse maternal and neonatal OUTCOMES of hypothyroidism, it seems that more clinical studies in this field are needed to manage and evaluate the OUTCOMES in pregnant women with hypothyroidism.

The aim of current study was to determine women´ s maternal asthma in pregnancy, delivery and birth OUTCOMES. Using a retrospective cohort design, data of 580 pregnant women were gathered form a large teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. The medical records of pregnant women who had attended this hospital between 2009 and 2011 were assessed. Data of delivery and birth OUTCOMES were gathered by observation and medical records of women. Multiple logistic regression and adjusted odds ratio (OR) were used to assess the independent association of asthma and OUTCOMES. 274 patients (47. 2%) were in “ asthmatic group” and 306 patients (52. 8%) were in the “ non-asthmatic group” . Basic and demographic variables showed the same distribution across two groups. Maternal asthma showed an adjusted relationship with gestational diabetes (OR=2. 64), gestational hypertension (OR=3. 79), cesarean delivery (OR=2. 68), small for gestational age (OR=2. 86), premature rupture of membrane (OR=2. 18), preterm delivery (OR=1. 74), abnormal vaginal bleeding (OR=3. 75), and low birth weight (OR=1. 78) significantly (p<0. 05 for all associations). The majority of pregnancy, delivery and birth OUTCOMES except fetal death, abortion, placenta previa and placenta abruption) were significantly associated with maternal asthma. The largest association of maternal asthma was with gestational hypertension and abnormal vaginal bleeding respectively.

Obesity constitutes a global epidemic with increasing prevalence, associated with considerable health complications. Obese pregnant women are at increased risk for maternal and perinatal complications. This study explores the characteristics of maternal and perinatal OUTCOMES in obese pregnant women at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital and Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya, in 2023.This study was a descriptive and observational analysis of pregnant women with obesity who delivered at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital and Airlangga University Hospital Surabaya in 2023. The study samples were classified into three categories according to obesity classes: Class I (BMI 30-34.9), Class II (BMI 35-39.9), and Class III (BMI ≥40), and maternal and perinatal OUTCOMES were assessed.Out of 512 subjects, the majority were from Airlangga University Hospital (75%), and 90% lived in Surabaya. 64.1% were classified as class I obesity, and 67.8% were multigravida. 53.3% delivered by cesarean section. The most common pregnancy complication was preeclampsia (23.2%), followed by gestational DM (7.6%), gestational HT (6.4%), and eclampsia (2%). There were 2.7% of subjects who experienced postpartum hemorrhage during labor, and 0.2% experienced shoulder dystocia. In terms of perinatal OUTCOMES, 21.5% of infants had an Apgar score < 7 at 1 minute and 7.4% at 5 minutes. FGR affected 6.6% of infants, macrosomia affected 2%, congenital anomalies affected 5.1%, and the NICU admitted 15% of them. Significant differences were observed in maternal OUTCOMES of preeclampsia, eclampsia, and mode of delivery across the three obesity classes, alongside notable differences in perinatal OUTCOMES related to macrosomia and NICU admission (p<0.05).

Objectives: The screening of chromosomal aberrations is one of the most common methods during pregnancy although this test is occasionally false-positive. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 252 mothers with false-positive (n=126) and-negative (n=126) tests were evaluated respectively. Demographic data during pregnancy and postpartum included maternal and neonatal complications, and finally, perinatal variables were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean age of the case group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0. 001). In addition, lower smoking history in the spouse (P = 0. 01), higher prevalence of preeclampsia (P = 0. 33) and proteinuria (P = 0. 03), preterm infant (P = 0. 01), and low birth weight (P = 0. 04) were observed in this group as well. Eventually, the shorter height P = 0. 004) and lower 5-minute Apgar score (P = 0. 03) were found in infants. Conclusions: In general, mothers with positive screening results showed a higher risk of preeclampsia and preterm labor in comparison with those with false-negative screening results.

Background: There are ongoing controversies regarding pregnancy OUTCOMES during the COVID-19 era. Objectives: This observational study with a retrospective design was conducted to investigate the maternal and neonatal impacts of COVID-19 on pregnancy OUTCOMES. Methods: An observational study with a retrospective design was carried out using census sampling from February 2020 to July 2021. The study population included pregnant women who were referred to Asalian Hospital in Khorramabad city, western Iran. A total of 769 mothers (107 with COVID-19 and 662 without COVID-19) were included in the study. Results: The most common symptoms reported by infected mothers were body pain/myalgia (68, 72.3%), fatigue (57, 60.6%), headache (47, 50%), and shivering (46, 48.9%). After adjusting for covariates, the risk of caesarean section (CS) in pregnant women with COVID-19 was found to be 3.2 times higher (95% confidence interval: 1.90 - 5.50). In contrast, the risks of newborn hospitalization, prematurity, low APGAR scores, respiratory distress, and smaller head circumference were higher among newborns of non-COVID-19-infected mothers than those of COVID-19-infected mothers (P < 0.05). Conclusions: While it is generally expected that COVID-19-infected mothers would experience adverse maternal and neonatal OUTCOMES, this retrospective study demonstrated that COVID-19 infection does not result in adverse OUTCOMES for mothers or newborns, apart from a higher rate of CS.